This report provides a framework to strengthen the understanding and assessment of the impact of trade in wildlife products on conservation and local livelihoods. It explores the role of interrelated factors related to particular species and their habitat, governance settings, the supply-chain structure and the nature of the end market. Combined, these factors strongly influence the incentives for conservation and the livelihood outcomes of trade.

Cooney, R., Kasterine, A., MacMillan, D., Milledge, S., Nossal, K., Roe, D. and S.,’t Sas-Rolfes, M. (2015). The trade in wildlife: a framework to improve biodiversity and livelihood outcomes, International Trade Centre, Geneva, Switzerland.